A. Mohar Košir
Pediatrična klinika Ljubljana, Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana, Slovenija

B. Stirn Kranjc
Očesna klinika Ljubljana, Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana, Slovenija

Abstract

Nystagmus is an involuntary, rhythmic, synchronous oscillation of the eyes. It may be congenital or acquired. Congenital nystagmus may be present at birth, but more frequently appears in the first 6 months of life. The congenital form of nystagmus may be subdivided into three categories: sensory defect nystagmus, in which there is a proven sensory impairment, neurological nystagmus, which is associated with neurological disease or a syndrome, and congenital idiopathic nystagmus, in which no visual or neurological impairment can be found. In infants it is important to classify congenital nystagmus early because of the different underlying defects, investigations, treatment with rehabilitation and genetic counselling.

Key words: congenital nystagmus, infant, differential diagnosis, treatment.